Migration / Canada

Migration in Canada

Official figures from OECD International Migration Database and Statistics Canada, year by year. Each chart links to its source and to what it measures. Compare Canada with other countries

DataYear

Net migration

+151,781 people in 2026 (3.6 per 1,000 inhabitants): more arrived than left.

Net international migration in the year ending 30 June, added up from Statistics Canada's own components: immigrants, minus net emigration, plus the net change in non-permanent residents.

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people
Period	Net migration
2026	151,781
2025	408,690
2024	1,108,060
2023	1,057,443
2022	666,621
2021	148,869
2020	327,749
2019	447,470
2018	426,077
2017	319,990
2016	303,739
2015	176,890
2014	247,302
2013	260,834
2012	260,557
2011	231,005
2010	262,804
2009	269,208
2008	250,003
2007	219,751
2006	216,100
2005	200,175
2004	194,146
2003	183,749
2002	237,935
2001	236,760
2000	174,769

Source: Statistics Canada (17-10-0008-01). What this measures

Arrivals

368,224 in 2026 (8.8 per 1,000 inhabitants).

Immigrants in the year ending 30 June: people granted permanent residence. Temporary residents (workers, students, asylum claimants) are not included; Statistics Canada counts them separately as non-permanent residents.

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people
Period	Arrivals
2026	368,224
2025	435,551
2024	464,344
2023	468,913
2022	493,236
2021	226,314
2020	284,153
2019	313,603
2018	303,369
2017	272,694
2016	323,188
2015	240,775
2014	267,936
2013	263,115
2012	260,043
2011	259,143
2010	270,635
2009	245,313
2008	249,632
2007	238,127
2006	254,381
2005	244,599
2004	239,101
2003	199,170
2002	256,405
2001	252,527
2000	205,710

Source: Statistics Canada (17-10-0008-01). What this measures

Departures

112,116 in 2026 (2.7 per 1,000 inhabitants).

Emigrants in the year ending 30 June: people who left Canada to settle abroad. An estimate, since Canada does not record departures.

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people
Period	Departures
2026	112,116
2025	110,914
2024	107,876
2023	113,291
2022	99,756
2021	66,627
2020	77,591
2019	92,204
2018	98,271
2017	119,964
2016	67,893
2015	65,837
2014	63,722
2013	62,129
2012	65,393
2011	61,466
2010	58,046
2009	61,531
2008	66,158
2007	66,512
2006	61,412
2005	57,633
2004	58,184
2003	53,890
2002	50,149
2001	47,766
2000	48,089

Source: Statistics Canada (17-10-0008-01). What this measures

Foreign citizens

8.3% of the population in 2021 were foreign citizens (3,185,250 people).

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% of the total
Period	Foreign citizens
2021	8.3
2016	6.7
2011	5.7
2006	5.4
2001	5.1

Largest foreign citizenships, 2021
Group	People	Share
India	644,320	20.2%
China	387,015	12.2%
Philippines	289,445	9.1%
United States	133,430	4.2%
United Kingdom	95,415	3.0%
France	87,755	2.8%
South Korea	72,005	2.3%
Nigeria	71,585	2.2%
Syria	65,790	2.1%
Other countries	1,338,490	42.0%

Source: OECD International Migration Database. What this measures

Foreign-born residents

21.9% of the population in 2021 were born abroad (8,361,505 people).

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% of the total
Period	Foreign-born residents
2021	21.9
2016	20.9
2011	19.7
2006	19
2001	17.6

Largest countries of birth, 2021
Group	People	Share
China	929,690	11.1%
India	898,050	10.7%
Philippines	719,580	8.6%
United Kingdom	464,135	5.6%
United States	256,090	3.1%
Pakistan	234,105	2.8%
Italy	204,065	2.4%
Iran	182,940	2.2%
Vietnam	182,095	2.2%
Other countries	4,290,755	51.3%

Source: OECD International Migration Database. What this measures

Foreign-born residents by age

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Foreign-born residents by sex

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Employment rate by country of birth

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Unemployment rate by country of birth

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Births to foreign-born mothers

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Births to foreign-citizen mothers

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

First residence permits

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Acquisitions of citizenship

379,991 in 2023 (9.5 per 1,000 inhabitants).

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people
Period	Acquisitions of citizenship
2023	379,991
2022	375,619
2021	137,168
2020	110,987
2019	250,498
2018	176,487
2017	105,813
2016	147,267
2015	251,144
2014	259,274
2013	127,470
2012	111,923
2011	179,451
2010	143,579
2009	156,363
2008	176,617
2007	199,894
2006	260,838
2005	198,773
2004	194,130
2003	155,535
2002	140,967
2001	167,353
2000	214,568

Largest former citizenships, 2023
Group	People	Share
India	78,487	20.7%
Philippines	36,803	9.7%
China	14,690	3.9%
Nigeria	14,277	3.8%
Pakistan	13,368	3.5%
Syria	13,027	3.4%
Iran	10,748	2.8%
United States	8,626	2.3%
France	8,263	2.2%
Other countries	181,702	47.8%

Source: OECD International Migration Database. What this measures

Asylum applicants

173,930 in 2024 (4.2 per 1,000 inhabitants).

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people
Period	Asylum applicants
2024	173,930
2023	146,740
2022	94,375
2021	23,365
2020	19,045
2019	58,340
2018	55,385
2017	49,425
2016	23,833
2015	16,070
2014	13,661
2013	10,356
2012	20,223
2011	24,985
2010	22,543
2009	33,970
2008	34,800
2007	28,342
2006	22,873
2005	20,786
2004	25,750
2003	31,937
2002	39,498
2001	44,038
2000	34,252

Largest citizenships of applicants, 2024
Group	People	Share
India	32,539	18.7%
Bangladesh	15,736	9.0%
Nigeria	13,222	7.6%
Sri Lanka	9,877	5.7%
Mexico	9,088	5.2%
Haiti	8,124	4.7%
Ghana	7,066	4.1%
Iran	6,777	3.9%
Pakistan	5,610	3.2%
Other countries	65,891	37.9%

Source: OECD International Migration Database. What this measures

Asylum decisions

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Unaccompanied minors seeking asylum

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Asylum applicants, monthly

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Temporary protection, monthly

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

People found staying irregularly

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Entries refused at the border

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Orders to leave

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Returns after an order to leave

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.