Migration / United States

Migration in United States

Official figures from OECD International Migration Database and U.S. Census Bureau, year by year. Each chart links to its source and to what it measures. Compare United States with other countries

DataYear

Net migration

+1,262,202 people in 2025 (3.7 per 1,000 inhabitants): more arrived than left.

Net international migration in the year ending 30 June, from the Census Bureau's population estimates: everyone who moved to the United States minus everyone who left, whatever their citizenship or legal status. An estimate; the years since the last census are revised with each annual release, and each earlier decade keeps the estimates made before the following census. No estimate covers a full year for 2010.

Show the figures

people
Period	Net migration
2025	1,262,202
2024	2,734,468
2023	2,264,137
2022	1,672,112
2021	376,026
2020	477,029
2019	568,639
2018	719,871
2017	948,392
2016	1,065,017
2015	1,060,115
2014	945,635
2013	849,728
2012	858,736
2011	795,295
2009	854,905
2008	862,955
2007	866,397
2006	1,006,408
2005	947,844
2004	985,807
2003	822,079
2002	1,078,014
2001	1,200,535

Source: U.S. Census Bureau (Population estimates, components of change). What this measures

Arrivals

1,193,830 in 2023 (3.5 per 1,000 inhabitants).

For the United States and New Zealand the figure is the OECD's and counts foreign citizens only, on each country's own definition.

Show the figures

people
Period	Arrivals
2023	1,193,830
2022	1,018,004
2021	740,002
2020	707,362
2019	1,031,765
2018	1,096,611
2017	1,127,167
2016	1,183,505
2015	1,051,031
2014	1,016,518
2013	990,553
2012	1,031,631
2011	1,062,040
2010	1,042,625
2009	1,130,818
2008	1,107,126
2007	1,052,415
2006	1,266,129
2005	1,122,257
2004	957,883
2003	703,542
2002	1,059,356
2001	1,058,902
2000	841,002

Source: OECD International Migration Database. What this measures

Departures

No figures available for this country.

Foreign citizens

7.2% of the population in 2024 were foreign citizens (24,396,883 people).

Residents who are not U.S. citizens. From the American Community Survey: a yearly sample of households, so each figure is an estimate with a margin of error. No estimates were published for 2020.

Show the figures

% of the total
Period	Foreign citizens
2024	7.2
2023	6.8
2022	6.5
2021	6.4
2019	6.6
2018	6.8
2017	6.9
2016	7
2015	7
2014	7
2013	7
2012	7.1
2011	7.1
2010	7.3
2009	7.1
2008	7.1
2007	7.3
2006	7.3
2005	7.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey, 1-year estimates). What this measures

Foreign-born residents

14.8% of the population in 2024 were born abroad (50,234,858 people).

Residents born outside the United States and its territories to parents who were not U.S. citizens, by country of birth. From the American Community Survey: a yearly sample of households, so each figure is an estimate with a margin of error. No estimates were published for 2020.

Show the figures

% of the total
Period	Foreign-born residents
2024	14.8
2023	14.3
2022	13.9
2021	13.6
2019	13.7
2018	13.7
2017	13.7
2016	13.5
2015	13.5
2014	13.3
2013	13.1
2012	13
2011	13
2010	12.9
2009	12.5
2008	12.5
2007	12.6
2006	12.5
2005	12.4

Largest countries of birth, 2024
Group	People	Share
Mexico	11,143,711	22.2%
India	3,162,885	6.3%
China	2,380,223	4.7%
Philippines	2,157,523	4.3%
Cuba	1,688,798	3.4%
El Salvador	1,539,716	3.1%
Vietnam	1,395,775	2.8%
Guatemala	1,365,684	2.7%
Dominican Republic	1,299,961	2.6%
Other countries	24,100,582	48.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey, 1-year estimates). What this measures

Foreign-born residents by age

In 2024, 77.2% of foreign-born residents were aged 15 to 64 (38,757,508 of 50,234,858).

The foreign-born population by age group. From the American Community Survey: a yearly sample of households, so each figure is an estimate with a margin of error. No estimates were published for 2020.

Show the figures

% aged 15 to 64
Period	Foreign-born residents by age
2024	77.2
2023	77.6
2022	78.1
2021	78.5
2019	79.2
2018	79.8
2017	80.3
2016	80.8
2015	81.3
2014	81.6

Foreign-born residents by age, 2024
Group	People	Share
Under 15	2,375,673	4.7%
15 to 64	38,757,508	77.2%
65 and over	9,101,677	18.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey, 1-year estimates). What this measures

Foreign-born residents by sex

In 2024, 51.0% of foreign-born residents were women (25,636,060 of 50,234,858).

The foreign-born population by sex. From the American Community Survey: a yearly sample of households, so each figure is an estimate with a margin of error. No estimates were published for 2020.

Show the figures

% women
Period	Foreign-born residents by sex
2024	51
2023	51
2022	51.2
2021	51.3
2019	51.8
2018	51.7
2017	51.6
2016	51.5
2015	51.4
2014	51.3

Foreign-born residents by sex, 2024
Group	People	Share
Women	25,636,060	51.0%
Men	24,598,798	49.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau (American Community Survey, 1-year estimates). What this measures

Employment rate by country of birth

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Unemployment rate by country of birth

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Births to foreign-born mothers

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Births to foreign-citizen mothers

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

First residence permits

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Acquisitions of citizenship

824,250 in 2023 (2.4 per 1,000 inhabitants).

Show the figures

people
Period	Acquisitions of citizenship
2023	824,250
2022	1,004,384
2021	813,861
2020	628,254
2019	843,593
2018	761,901
2017	707,265
2016	753,060
2015	730,259
2014	653,416
2013	779,929
2012	757,434
2011	694,193
2010	619,913
2009	743,715
2008	1,046,539
2007	660,477
2006	702,589
2005	604,280
2004	537,151
2003	462,435
2002	572,646
2001	608,205
2000	888,788

Largest former citizenships, 2023
Group	People	Share
Mexico	102,760	12.5%
India	52,360	6.4%
Philippines	40,570	4.9%
Dominican Republic	33,780	4.1%
Vietnam	31,900	3.9%
Cuba	30,280	3.7%
China	29,570	3.6%
El Salvador	20,050	2.4%
Jamaica	18,460	2.2%
Other countries	464,520	56.4%

Source: OECD International Migration Database. What this measures

Asylum applicants

1,176,050 in 2023 (3.5 per 1,000 inhabitants).

Show the figures

people
Period	Asylum applicants
2023	1,176,050
2022	730,400
2021	188,860
2020	250,940
2019	301,070
2018	254,300
2017	331,700
2016	261,970
2015	172,740
2014	121,160
2013	68,243
2012	66,101
2011	60,587
2010	42,971
2009	38,080
2008	39,362
2007	40,449
2006	41,101
2005	39,240
2004	44,972
2003	43,338
2002	58,439
2001	59,432
2000	40,867

Largest citizenships of applicants, 2023
Group	People	Share
Venezuela	185,344	15.8%
Colombia	128,129	10.9%
Cuba	99,426	8.5%
Nicaragua	90,791	7.7%
Haiti	75,861	6.5%
India	51,353	4.4%
Honduras	49,088	4.2%
Mexico	44,980	3.8%
Peru	44,131	3.8%
Other countries	406,947	34.6%

Source: OECD International Migration Database. What this measures

Asylum decisions

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Unaccompanied minors seeking asylum

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Asylum applicants, monthly

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Temporary protection, monthly

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

People found staying irregularly

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Entries refused at the border

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Orders to leave

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.

Returns after an order to leave

Not published by OECD International Migration Database for this country.